The contrast between cannabis for medical and recreational use in Canada has evolved significantly since their respective legalizations. Let’s delve into the developments and challenges faced by the cannabis industry in the Great White North.
Medical Cannabis: A Two-Decade Journey
In 2001, Canada established the Marihuana for Medical Access Regulations (MMAR), laying the groundwork for legal medical cannabis. Fast forward to 2018, when the Cannabis Act made Canada the second country globally to legalize possessing, consuming, acquiring, and cultivating cannabis. Despite these milestones, medical cannabis patients continue to encounter obstacles:
- Access Issues: Patients still struggle to access medical cannabis due to bureaucratic hurdles and limited availability.
- Stigma in the Workplace: Despite legalization, stigma persists, affecting patients’ professional lives.
- Cost Concerns: Medical cannabis remains expensive, hindering affordability for patients.
- Physician Authorizations: Obtaining authorization from physicians can be challenging, leading to delays in treatment.
Dr. Mary-Ann Fitzcharles, a rheumatologist at McGill University, highlights the need for more research: “As a physician, I will have some patients who say that it does make a difference. The question is, is this real? Is this a placebo effect?”
Changing Authorization Trends
Health Canada data reveals a decline in authorizations for medical cannabis. In September 2023, authorizations dropped to 188,301, down from 345,520 in September 2018. Additionally, fewer individuals are registered for personal cultivation, signaling a shift in patient preferences.
A Legislative Review
In October 2023, an expert panel reviewed the Cannabis Act’s impact on public health. Their recommendations include selling medical cannabis in pharmacies, ending the excise tax, and integrating cannabis into conventional medicine. These proposals aim to enhance patient access and affordability1.
Recreational Cannabis: A Booming Market
Since its 2018 legalization, recreational cannabis has seen robust growth. The 2023 National Cannabis Survey reports that over a third of younger adults (18–24) and one in seven adults (45+) used cannabis in the past year. Legal markets dominate cannabis sales, reflecting successful regulation2.
Conclusion
Canada’s cannabis landscape continues to evolve, with medical and recreational sectors facing distinct challenges. As the industry matures, policymakers must strike a balance between accessibility, affordability, and safety.